RESUME

Urban and rural squalor

This chapter tries about the consequence of the modern civilization in the urban and rural areas.

In the first one, the large cities had several social problems. But in the mid-Victorian period these problems were not confined all the urban areas.

While in the second one, the profit of the agricultural labor began to dominate the rural economy. In my personal opinion, I think it was so good, because the rural areas were in the hopelessness and poverty.

But the Victorian found in several evidences, those important aspects of the health and morality, only for rang the most urgent alarm, of their reality.

The growth of the state

First talks about the utilitarianism, it referred in a central belief of the philosopher Jeremy Bentham:

“The greatest happiness of the greatest number”

It belief was alongside of the laissez-faire and in theory, it could deliver that happiness for the greatest number, the virtuos circle was the idea:























The problem was the large population and it consequence in the economic progress.

The solution:

Adopted was central government intervention to mitigate the most damaging effects of unrestrained industrial capitalism.

Education and health policies

In 1833 parliament voted the first grant to support education for the poor people. It was a very small sum.

The church helped a lot, it provide schooling.

But in the pass of the years the support had increased.

Bureaucracy supervised the funds.

This acts made possible the elementary education how a one obligation.

Other important acts were the commissions of health (Health of towns, 1844 and Public Health Act, 1848) the principal cause was the fear of the cholera epidemics.

Centralization or not?

The answer of this question, in the last chapter is:

No, the idea of centralization is surely a mistaken view of some historians.

Because the state intervened ONLY to prevent greater evils that might threaten the efficiency of a free-trade economy –NOT to provide positive benefits for it citizens.

And we need remember that the central or local government must provide, however, remained extremely limited.

NOTE:

Teacher April please accept apologize my, because I use extra words in one of the chapters.